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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion on the synaptic ultrastructure and expression of synaptic skeleton related proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of heroin re-addicted rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of heroin addiction. METHODS: Twenty-four Wister rats (half male and half female) were randomly divi-ded into normal control, model and acupuncture groups (n＝8 in each group). The heroin re-addicted model was established by muscular injection of heroin into the hind limbs for 8 days (incremental 0.8-3.6 mg, once daily for 6 days, and twice daily for 2 days), followed by conventional breeding for 5 days (detoxification), the procedure (addition－detoxification) was repeated 3 cycles. For rats of the acupuncture group, "Baihui" (GV20) was needled with filiform needles which were retained for 30 min, and moxibustion was then applied to bilateral "Shenshu" (BL23) for 30 min. The treatment was conducted once daily during the deto-xification. On the 39th day of experiment, the bilateral prefrontal cortex tissues were sampled for examining the ultrastructure by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) after fixative solution immersion and for determining the expression of genes and proteins of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), microtubule-asso-ciated protein-2 (MAP-2) and microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau) with quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: After modeling, the expression levels of Arc mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated, and those of MAP-2 and Tau mRNA and proteins ob-viously down-regulated in the model group relevant to the normal control group (P<0.05). Following the intervention, the up-regulated Arc protein and mRNA and the down-regulated MAP-2 and Tau were obviously reversed relevant to the model group (P<0.05). Outcomes of TEM showed unclear pre- and post-membranes of the synapses, narrowing of the synaptic gap and non-uniform of the density of the thickened dense plaque after modeling, which was relatively milder in the acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture plus moxibustion can improve changes of synaptic ultrastructure in heroin re-addicted rats, which may be related to their effect in regulating the expression of some synaptic skeleton proteins and genes.
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Objective: To explore the feasibility of DDD pacemaker implantation under EnSite system guidance with micro X-ray. Methods: DDD pacemaker implantation under EnSite system guidance with micro X-ray was performed in 5 special patients who needed cardiac pacing while should be avoid X-ray exposure. Results: All 5 patients were smoothly finished DDD pacemaker implantation, no wire dislocation or perforation occurred after the operation. The cumulative skin radiation dose was (2.20±0.45) mGy, operative X-ray exposure time was (11.60±2.07) s and the operation time was (58.40±4.04) min. Conclusion: DDD pacemaker implantation under EnSite system guidance with micro X-ray was safe and feasible.
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Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture in regulating ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP),and discuss the action of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.Methods:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a control group,a model group and an acupuncture group by using the random number table.Rats in the model and acupuncture groups received intramuscular heroin injection for successive 8 d at a progressively increased dose.Afterwards,the injection was suspended for 5 d for withdrawal.The heroin relapse rat model was established by repeating the drug addiction and withdrawal process for 3 times.The control group followed the step of the model establishment,but was given intramuscular injection of normal saline at the stage of addiction and no intervention at the stage of withdrawal;the model group was given intramuscular heroin injection at a progressively increased dose at the addiction stage and no intervention at the withdrawal stage;the acupuncture group was dealt in the same way as the model group at the addiction stage,but received acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) at the withdrawal stage,with the needles retained for 30 min each time,1 session a day,for successive 5 d.On the 39th day,brain tissues were extracted from the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the three groups of rats.The apoptosis of brain nerve cells was detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL).The mRNA and protein expressions of ubiquitin (Ub),ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) and 26S were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results:Compared with the model group,rat's hippocampus and VTA in the acupuncture group showed significantly fewer cells positively stained by TUNEL staining (P＜0.01),and its mRNA and protein expressions of Ub,E3,26S were significantly lower (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Reducing nerve cell apoptosis and regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Ub,E3 and 26S in rat's hippocampus and VTA are possibly one of the action mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.
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The effect of acupuncture on substance withdrawl syndromes and craving relapse prevention of the recent 10 years were reviewed as well as its mechanism. The therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism were analyzed on the basis. From the three aspects of anti protracted abstinence symptoms, craving relapse prevention and mechanism of acupuncture, the development tendency and the prospect of application on drug withdrawl with acupuncture were expected. And it is proposed that clinical observation of acupuncture intervention on craving should be developed, the mechanism of acupuncture impact on cognitive behavior, blocking study and memory processing related to drug addiction should be explored, so as to further give play to the advantages of acupuncture on anti-drug addiction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Substance-Related Disorders , Therapeutics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the related factors of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in order to provide references for prevention and treatment. Methods: The clinical data of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in 3672 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage group (n = 239) and first attack of intracerebral hemorrhage group (n = 3433). The univariate analysis was performed first, and the risk factors with significant statistical difference were screened, and then a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Results: Circled digit one The incidence of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in 3672 patients was 6.51% (239/3672) and the mortality of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was 19.25% (46/239). Circled digit twoThe univariate analysis showed that recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with hypertension, taking anti-platelet aggregation agents, diabetes mellitus, long history of smoking, and alcoholism. The proportions of patients with history of diabetes mellitus, long history of smoking, oral take of anticoagulants, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those in the first attack of intracerebral hemorrhage group. Among the sites of bleeding, the basal ganglia region was higher, and the age of patients were older (all P < 0.01). Circled digit threeA multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean diastolic blood pressure (OR = 8.7893, 95% CI: 5.0162-18.9358), use of anticoagulants (OR = 3.7273,95% CI: 1 8245-5.7806), long history of smoking (OR = 3.1654, 95% CI: 1.6124-5.4528), high systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.9463, 95% CI: 1.4596 -4.9753), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.4689, 95%, CI: 1.1807-4.7650) were the independent risk factors for patients with recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral hemorrhage is correlated with the higher diastolic blood pressure, use of anticoagulants, long history of smoking, higher systolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effect of recombinant hirudin (rH) on tPA-induced fibrinolysis and the possible mechanism of its action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of rH on thrombin-fibrin complex (Th-Fn) was detected by 99mTc labeled rH. In the in vitro clot lysis, tPA as plasminogen activator, and recalcified plasma as plasminogen resource were used to study the influence of rH on fibrinolysis by detecting TAFIa, D-Dimer and FXIII.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In a canine model of femoral artery thrombosis, a clear radioactivity strip was imaged in 30 - 60 min on a part image, and the femoral vein thrombosis developed at 30 min. rH efficiently inhibited clot regeneration. Addition of TM could inhibit clot lysis obviously, and CPI could shorten the delay of clot lysis which due to TAFIa. There was a dose-dependent relationship with TM concentration and TAFI activation. FXIII activation was inhibited by low concentration of rH ( < or = 0.2 u x mL(-1)), and the level of fibrinolysis product, D-Dimer, increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rH could inhibit the thrombin binding to fibrin. rH inhibited the activation of TAFI and FXIII by combining with thrombin which resulted in enhancement of thrombolysis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Male , Blood Coagulation , Carboxypeptidase B2 , Metabolism , Carboxypeptidases , Factor XIII , Metabolism , Femoral Artery , Femoral Vein , Fibrinolysis , Fibrinolytic Agents , Pharmacology , Hirudins , Genetics , Pharmacology , Plant Proteins , Pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors , Recombinant Proteins , Pharmacology , Thrombomodulin , Metabolism , Thrombosis , Metabolism , Venous Thrombosis , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between expression thange of P-selectin after brain injury and secondary brain damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty SD rats were randomized into 3 equal groups, namely the control group, mild injury group and severe injury group and animal models of brain injury were established in SD rats according to the method of Feeney. P-selectin expression in the brain tissues were determined at 6 h and l, 3, and 7 days following brain injury (n=5 for each time point). Imaging analysis was performed using computerized imaging technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>P-selectin expression and neutrophil infiltration in the brain tissues increased significantly 6 h after brain injury (P<0.05), reaching the peak level at postoperative 24 h and then gradually decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>P-selectin expression and neutrophil infiltration increase significantly following brain injury, and the time course and distribution of P-selectin expression are consistent with the secondary damage of the brain, strongly suggesting the involvement of P-selectin upregulation in the secondary insult after brain injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Brain Chemistry , Brain Injuries , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , P-Selectin , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of compound Salvia injection (CSI) on blood coagulatory function in patients with traumatic cerebral infarction (TCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients with TCI were randomly divided into two groups, 32 in each group. The treated group were treated with CSI plus conventional treatment of western medicine, and the control group treated with conventional treatment alone. Changes of symptoms, levels of plasma P-selectin (P-S), von Willebrand's factor (vWf) and D-dimer were observed with ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treated group was superior to the control group in Glasgow outcome scale (P < 0.01). Before treatment, the levels of plasma P-S, vWf and D-dimer in the TCI patients were higher than those in healthy people. After treatment, all the parameters lowered in both groups, but the effect of lowering was greater in the treated group than that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood coagulation disorder exists in patients with TCI, CSI could improve it, and might alleviate the cerebral damage to a certain extent.</p>